Ensure eye health for all

Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) affects approximately 10% of people between the ages of 30 and 60 and 15% of adults over 65. An unhealthy tear film causes it and can create many symptoms.

Ocular surface diseases, and dehydrated eyes, are common and bothersome conditions that can significantly impact the quality of life of affected individuals. Dry eyes, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, occur when the quantity or quality of tears is deficient, leading to inadequate lubrication of the eyes. This condition can result in discomfort, visual disturbances, and in severe cases, damage to the ocular surface.

I don have specific information on the prevalence of ocular surface diseases, including dry eyes, in Bangladesh because of no recent research about dry eyes of the Bangladeshi population. However, I can provide some general factors that may contribute to dry eyes in various populations. Keep in mind that specific conditions can vary, and its essential to consult local healthcare professionals and studies for accurate information on the situation in Bangladesh.
Now all are thinking about the causes of dry eyes aging of the people, environmental factors some medical conditions, and drug side effects. But Bangladeshs situation is different. Pollution is the most important cause.

Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate with high temperatures and humidity. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures and humidity can contribute to the evaporation of tears and the development of dry eyes. Increased air pollution, common in many urban areas, can affect the quality of tears and exacerbate dry eye symptoms.

With the increasing use of digital devices, many individuals spend extended periods staring at screens. This can lead to reduced blink rates and increased evaporation of tears, contributing to dry eyes. Certain occupations, such as jobs that involve prolonged use of computers or exposure to dust and wind, may increase the risk of dry eyes. Aging is a natural risk factor for dry eyes, and Bangladesh, like many countries, has an aging population. Women, especially postmenopausal women, are more prone to dry eyes.

Hormonal changes can affect the composition of tears. Conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders can contribute to dry eyes. Inadequate intake of certain nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, can impact eye health. Inadequate eye hygiene practices can contribute to eye infections and dry eyes. Rubbing the eyes with dirty hands can introduce bacteria and irritants.

Limited access to healthcare facilities or awareness about eye care may lead to delayed diagnosis and management of ocular surface diseases. Poor water quality can affect overall health, including eye health. Contaminated water may lead to eye infections and irritation. Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to dry eyes or other ocular surface diseases.
Most of the time Older Adults face more Dry eye symptoms often increase with age, and hormonal changes, medications, and other factors may contribute to this. All ages of women also suffer from dry eyes due to Hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, and menopause, which can contribute to dry eyes. Women, in general, are more likely to experience dry eye symptoms compared to men.

Contact Lens users and long-time screen users also suffer from dry eyes Contact lenses can exacerbate dry eye symptoms, as they may interfere with the natural tear film and increase evaporation. People who spend long hours staring at digital screens or have a prolonged focus on a specific task may experience dry eyes due to reduced blinking and increased evaporation of tears.

Some medical conditions such as autoimmune diseases (e.g., Sjögrens syndrome), rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and thyroid disorders may increase the risk of developing dry eyes.

Without medication if we are mentioning some activities and follow some instruction we are able to avoide the medication for dry eyes.  Blinking Regularly Reminding oneself to blink more frequently, especially during prolonged screen time, can help distribute tears.

Hydration Staying well-hydrated is crucial for overall eye health. Wearing sunglasses to shield the eyes from wind and sunlight can be beneficial. Taking breaks from screen use and ensuring adequate sleep can help maintain ocular health.

Managing dry eyes or ocular surface diseases involves a combination of lifestyle changes, environmental modifications, and, in some cases, medical interventions. Its important to note that the severity of dry eyes can vary, so treatment approaches may differ from person to person. Here are some general remedies for ocular surface diseases, particularly dry eyes:

Blinking Exercises Take regular breaks, especially if you spend extended periods looking at a screen. Practice the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. Also, consciously blink more frequently to spread tears evenly.

Humidification Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air, especially in dry or air-conditioned environments. This can help prevent rapid evaporation of tears.

Environmental Modifications Avoid exposure to smoke, wind, and air conditioning, as these can exacerbate dry eyes. Wear wraparound sunglasses outdoors to protect against wind and dry air.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Consider incorporating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (such as fish, flaxseed, and walnuts) into your diet or taking omega-3 supplements. These can help improve the quality of the oil layer in the tear film. Hydration Stay well-hydrated by drinking an adequate amount of water throughout the day. Proper hydration is important for overall eye health.

Prescription Medications in more severe cases, your eye doctor may prescribe medications such as cyclosporine (Restasis), lifitegrast (Xiidra), or corticosteroid eye drops to reduce inflammation and promote tear production.

Punctual Plugs In some cases, your eye doctor may recommend punctual plugs. These are small devices inserted into the tear ducts to block drainage and keep the tears on the surface of the eyes longer.

Specialty Eyewear Consider using moisture chamber glasses or goggles to protect the eyes from environmental irritants and to reduce tear evaporation.

In conclusion, dry eyes are prevalent with various causes and symptoms. Seeking prompt diagnosis and appropriate management is essential to alleviate discomfort, preserve vision, and enhance the overall well-being of individuals affected by ocular surface diseases. If you experience persistent symptoms of dry eyes, it is advisable to consult with an eye care professional for personalized guidance and treatment.

The writer is a  (Ph.D. Optometry) is Consultant Vision Scientist,Research Fellow & Senior, Lecturer, Management & Science University, Malaysia