How to save children from visual impairment

Vision is a precious gift, especially during childhood when the world is full of wonders waiting to be explored. However, for millions of children worldwide, this exploration is hindered by undiagnosed refractive errors, which can lead to visual impairment if left untreated. The good news is that early detection and proper management of these errors can significantly reduce the risk of visual impairment, ensuring that children can see clearly and thrive in their environment.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 19 million children have visual impairment. In addition, it is known that the main cause of visual impairment worldwide at school age is uncorrected refractive errors. Undetected refractive errors can affect school learning and performance and cause ocular discomfort, attention deficit, avoidance of homework, and the development of a negative association between visual discomfort and educational activities.

Myopia has been recognized as a significant public health problem worldwide as its progression to high myopia carries high risks of irreversible blindness complications, caused by glaucoma, retinal detachment, and myopic maculopathy. In the last decades, earlier onset of myopia has been observed in East and Southeast Asia, and it is widely recognized that the earlier the age of onset, the higher the percentage of the population with high myopia. It is, therefore, of great interest to implement myopia prevention strategies to reduce or delay the early onset of myopia.

Refractive errors encompass a range of conditions such as nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism. These errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina, leading to blurred vision. While these conditions are common, their impact on a childs life can be profound if not addressed promptly.
One of the primary challenges in managing refractive errors in children lies in their ability to communicate visual disturbances effectively. Unlike adults who can articulate their vision problems, children may not recognize or express their difficulties clearly. Consequently, parents and educators must remain vigilant for subtle signs indicating potential vision issues, such as squinting, frequent headaches, rubbing eyes excessively, or struggling to read or see distant objects.

The importance of early detection cannot be overstated. Regular eye examinations, starting as early as infancy and continuing throughout childhood, are crucial for identifying refractive errors and other vision abnormalities. Paediatric Ophthalmologist and eye care professionals (Optometrist) play a vital role in this process, conducting comprehensive eye screenings to assess visual acuity and detect any deviations from the norm.

Once identified, refractive errors are eminently manageable, often through corrective lenses such as glasses or contact lenses. These interventions not only alleviate visual impairment but also promote healthy visual development, potentially preventing more severe complications later in life.

Moreover, recent advancements in lens technology offer options that are both effective and aesthetically pleasing, catering to childrens preferences and ensuring greater compliance with treatment regimens.

Beyond corrective lenses, lifestyle modifications and visual therapy may be recommended, particularly in cases of progressive myopia. Encouraging outdoor activities, reducing screen time, and practicing good visual habits can help mitigate the progression of refractive errors and safeguard childrens long-term eye health.

Addressing refractive errors in childhood not only enhances academic performance but also fosters overall well-being and self-confidence. Clear vision empowers children to engage fully in educational and extracurricular activities, enabling them to explore the world with clarity and enthusiasm. By investing in early detection and management, we can nurture a generation of children with the visual acuity to thrive in an increasingly visually demanding world.

In the end, prioritizing the early detection and management of refractive errors is essential for reducing the risk of visual impairment in children. By proactively addressing these issues, we can reduce the risk of long-term visual impairment and empower children to thrive academically, socially, and emotionally. Through regular screenings, timely interventions, and a collaborative effort between parents, educators, and healthcare professionals, we can ensure that every child enjoys the gift of clear vision, unlocking boundless opportunities for growth and success.

Let us commit to safeguarding the precious gift of sight and nurturing a brighter future for our children.

The writer is Senior Lecturer & Research Fellow, Management & Science University, Malaysia