The body of an animal is made up of countless small cells. These cells die one after the other over a period of time. These old cells are replaced by new ones. Cells normally divide in a controlled and regular way to give birth to new cells. When these cells continue to grow uncontrollably for any reason, a lump or lump of flesh can be seen under the skin. This is called a tumor. These tumors can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors are called cancers.
Cancer is the sum of uncontrolled cell division in the human body. So far the death rate from this disease is much higher. If cancer is not detected in the early stages, it is not possible to give any good treatment in the last stage. In fact, no cure for cancer has yet been discovered. Different types of treatment methods are used to cure cancer. However, if caught early, the chances of curing the disease are greatly increased.
There are more than 200 types of cancer. Every cancer is different and their treatment is also different. World Cancer Day is celebrated internationally on February 4 every year. A tissue that divides and grows uncontrollably is called a neoplasia, and a cell with a similar function is called a neoplastic cell. When neoplastic cells cannot penetrate the surrounding tissue, it is called benign tumor. Benign tumors are not cancers. When neoplasia is able to penetrate, it is called malignant tumor or cancer, and the cells with its uncontrolled divisions are called cancer cells.
Self-awareness is vital to preventing cancer
Many cancers first start as benign tumors, then some of the cells in them change and become malignant. However, there is no guarantee that benign tumors will turn into cancer. Benign means innocuous but benign tumors can also damage the surrounding tissue. Metastasis is a stage of cancer in which the cancer cells penetrate other tissues and spread to distant tissues through the blood, lymphatic system, etc. Exactly what causes cancer is not yet certain. However, some common causes have been found.
1. Age: In general, the risk of getting cancer increases with age. Because at this time, bodys resistance to disease has gradually decreases. It is estimated that 70% of people diagnosed with cancer are over 60 years of age.
2. Diet and lifestyle: Researchers have found a deep connection between cancer and diet and lifestyle. For example, smoking or drinking has been linked to cancer of the lungs, mouth and throat, and liver. Similarly, betel nut, jorda, meat, extra salt, sugar, etc. are associated with cancer. Those who generally do less physical activity are also more prone to cancer.
3. Family history: Evidence has also been found that there is a genetic link with cancer. Because of this, if one member of the family is diagnosed with cancer, the risk of others getting cancer is greatly increased.
4. Environmental and occupational factors: There is a big link between chemicals and cancer. For example, a rare type of cancer called mesothelioma involves cells around the lungs and in the abdomen. Nine out of 10 patients have been diagnosed with this cancer due to exposure to asbestos metal. In general, those involved in the shipbuilding industry are more likely to come in contact with the metal. Similarly, those who work in paint, rubber or gas factories are exposed to bladder cancer due to exposure to certain chemicals. One of the environmental factors is the sun. Prolonged exposure to the sun increases the risk of skin cancer. There is also a risk of various cancers due to radioactivity.
4 types of cancer according to the origin of the tissue: a) Carcinoma: It is a very common type of cancer. These include cancers of the lungs, rectum, breast and ovaries. b) Sarcoma: Usually cancer of bone, vertebrae and muscle is called sarcoma. c) Lymphoma: Lymph nodes are spread all over our body. The bodys immune system is involved with these lymph nodes. Cancer of the lymph nodes is called lymphoma. d) Leukemia: Leukemia is the cancer of blood cells. These blood cells are born from the bone marrow.
Studies have shown that regular adherence to certain things can greatly reduce the risk of cancer. Such as: 1. Exercise: Doing some regular exercise every day such as running, cycling, and walking, doing heavy exercise at least 2 days a week. 2. Eating habits: Quitting smoking or drinking, stopping eating tobacco, eating less fatty foods, and eating lots of vegetables, fruits and fiber. 3. Awareness: When going out, applying sunscreen and consulting doctor regularly. If that is not possible, visiting doctor if there is any abnormality in the body. If anyone is over 50 years of age, must go to the doctor and get their body examined regularly.
The writer is a Columnist, Official of Southeast University
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