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Fitra: Obligatory for all muslims

Published : Friday, 28 March, 2025 at 12:00 AM  Count : 361
Dr AKM Mizanur Rahaman
Fitra is defined as a form of charity that is obligatory for every Muslim who has the financial means to give. Known as Zakat al-Fitr, it is a fundamental pillar of Islamic tradition that emphasizes the importance of charity, communal unity, and solidarity. It is mandatory for all Muslims, regardless of their economic conditions, and serves as a means of spiritual cleansingduring the holy month of Ramadan.

The practice of giving Fitra originates from the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Firstly, we can observe several Hadith regarding this topic.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "Establish Zakat al-Fitr as an obligation for every Muslim, whether free or enslaved, male or female. It is recommended to give a Sa' (a measurement) of dates or a Sa' of barley." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 24, Hadith 585). This narration clearly emphasizes that Fitra is universal, irrespective of an individual's social rank or status.

Additionally, in the Hadith narrated in Sunan Abu Dawood, Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "The fast remains suspended between the heavens and the earth until the Sadaqat al-Fitr are paid." (Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 9, Hadith 160). This highlights the importance of fulfilling this obligation before the Eid prayers, as Sadaqat al-Fitr purifies the fast. Therefore, the timing of Fitra is crucial and must be distributed before the Eid al-Fitr prayers.

Now, let us observe the Quranic reference regarding this subject. In Surah Al-Baqarah (2:215), Allah instructs Muslims on charitable spending: "They ask you what they should spend. Say, 'Whatever good you can offer should be for parents, relatives, orphans, the needy, travelers, and those who ask for help.'" This verse reflects the principles underlying Zakat al-Fitr, emphasizing the necessity of supporting those in need.

The impact of Fitra extends beyond mere financial assistance. By making it mandatory for everyone to participate, it facilitates the redistribution of wealth, which is essential for poverty alleviation. Fitra serves as a social safety net, ensuring that the financially vulnerable can celebrate Eid with dignity.

Beyond its social implications, Fitra also holds profound spiritual significance. The act of giving is seen as essential for cleansing the soul and seeking Allah's forgiveness. The Prophet (peace be upon him) stated: "Zakat al-Fitr is a purification for the fasting person and a means of providing food for the poor." (Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 9, Hadith 1608). This highlights the dual purpose of Zakat al-Fitr: to cleanse the individual from any mistakes made during fasting and to provide support for the needy.

In conclusion, Fitra is not merely a charitable obligation; it embodiesthe fundamental principles of Islam, including compassion, empathy, and communal responsibility. By participating in this act of giving, Muslims worldwide contribute to poverty reduction, strengthen communal bonds, and enrich their spiritual lives.

The writer is an Environment, Climate Change, Social and Resettlement Specialist; Islamic Researcher, Artist of Bangladesh Betar


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