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World Down Syndrome Day today

Published : Friday, 21 March, 2025 at 12:00 AM  Count : 368
Dr Mohammed Mahtab Hossain Mazed
Today is World Down Syndrome Day, observed annually on March 21 to raise awareness and promote the inclusion and well-being of individuals with Down Syndrome. This global initiative serves as a reminder of the importance of advocating for the rights, dignity, and opportunities of people with Down Syndrome, ensuring that they receive equal access to education, employment, healthcare, and social participation.

Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome in the 21st pair, known as Trisomy 21. This additional chromosome leads to certain physical and intellectual differences. The condition was first identified by John Langdon Down in 1866. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately one in every 800 babies worldwide is born with Down Syndrome. In Bangladesh, an estimated 5,000 children are born with the condition annually, and around 200,000 individuals are currently living with it.

There are three types of Down Syndrome. The most common type is Trisomy 21, accounting for about 95% of cases, where each cell in the body has an extra chromosome. Translocation Down Syndrome occurs in about 4% of cases, where a part of chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome. Mosaic Down Syndrome, seen in about 1% of cases, involves some cells with an extra chromosome while others have the usual two copies.

The condition arises due to genetic abnormalities during conception. The human body typically has 46 chromosomes, inherited equally from both parents. However, an error in chromosomal division can lead to the presence of an extra chromosome 21, resulting in Down Syndrome. The risk increases significantly if the mother is younger than 20 or older than 35. For example, at age 35, the likelihood of having a child with Down Syndrome is 1 in 350, while at age 40, it increases to 1 in 100. Additionally, parents carrying a translocation chromosome or having a previous child with Down Syndrome are at higher risk of having another affected child.

Prenatal tests such as ultrasonography between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy can indicate a potential risk for Down Syndrome. More definitive tests, such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis, can confirm the diagnosis. Chromosome testing remains the most accurate way to detect the condition before birth.

Children with Down Syndrome exhibit certain physical characteristics such as low muscle tone, a flattened nose, a single crease across the palm, small ears, and a protruding tongue. They are usually shorter in height and have lower birth weights compared to other children. Additionally, they may experience varying degrees of intellectual disability and developmental delays. Some may also suffer from health complications, including congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal abnormalities, hearing and vision impairments, thyroid disorders, immune system deficiencies, spinal issues, and blood disorders.

Caring for a child with Down Syndrome can be challenging for families, but with the right support, these children can lead fulfilling lives. Emotional support from family, friends, and society is crucial in ensuring their well-being. Although there is no cure for Down Syndrome, proper care, nutritious food, speech and language therapy, and physical therapy can help improve their quality of life. Regular medical check-ups with pediatricians and specialists are essential for early detection and management of health complications.

Genetic testing of the mother's blood can help determine the presence of an extra chromosome 21 in the fetus. The risk of having a child with Down Syndrome increases with maternal age. While the probability is low for younger mothers, the likelihood increases significantly as they age. If either parent has Down Syndrome, there is a higher chance of passing the condition to their child.

Homeopathic treatments claim to address genetic conditions, including Down Syndrome. According to proponents, homeopathy targets the underlying genetic disorder by addressing factors like Post Reuben Syndrome (PRS) and other genetic predispositions. However, the effectiveness of homeopathic treatments for Down Syndrome is not scientifically proven, and medical professionals emphasize early intervention through therapy and medical support as the best approach.

Timely care and medical support can help manage health complications associated with Down Syndrome. With proper education and a supportive environment, individuals with Down Syndrome can lead meaningful lives and contribute to society. Raising awareness and promoting inclusivity are essential to ensuring that individuals with Down Syndrome are not seen as burdens but as valuable members of society. If expectant mothers are aware of the risks associated with age and genetic factors, they can seek medical guidance to make informed decisions about pregnancy. Awareness and collective efforts can create a better future for individuals with Down Syndrome, ensuring they receive the care and opportunities they deserve.

The writer is Founding Chairman, Jatiya Rogi Kallyan Society



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