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COP29 platform for Dhaka to focus on its preps in climate resilience 

Published : Tuesday, 29 October, 2024 at 12:00 AM  Count : 682
Shahrina Akhtar, PhD
Bangladesh stands at the forefront of climate vulnerability, facing escalating risks from climate change that threaten its agricultural systems and the livelihoods of millions. As a low-lying deltaic country, it is highly susceptible to rising sea levels, increased flooding, and intensified cyclones, which can devastate crops and infrastructure. Approximately 40% of the population depends on agriculture, making it essential to prioritize climate adaptation strategies to ensure food security and mitigate poverty. Research indicates that without proactive adaptation measures, climate impacts could lead to significant displacement and exacerbate economic hardships, undermining the well-being of millions of Bangladeshis.

Bangladesh has made significant strides in integrating scientific research into its climate resilience strategies. The National Adaptation Plan (NAP) 2023-2050 allocates $230 billion to enhance infrastructure and disaster response, with a focus on agricultural resilience, coastal protection, and community-based adaptation. The Delta Plan 2100 emphasizes integrated water resource management to tackle flood control and ensure food and water security while protecting natural ecosystems. Additionally, the Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan 2022-2041 fosters synergies between climate action and economic development, highlighting renewable energy, climate-smart agriculture, and resilient infrastructure.

Key research institutions, including the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD), and various National Agricultural Research System (NARS) institutes, are pivotal in developing climate-resilient agricultural practices. They focus on enhancing crop varieties through traditional breeding and biotechnological approaches to create stress-tolerant crops, including drought-resistant rice and saline-resistant varieties of essential crops like shrimp. Agricultural universities also contribute significantly by conducting research on climate adaptation strategies, disseminating knowledge to farmers, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. These collaborative efforts are essential for building a more resilient agricultural sector in Bangladesh.

Global research highlights the importance of adapting agricultural practices to combat climate change. For instance, a study published in Nature Climate Change emphasizes the role of agroecological practices in enhancing resilience by improving soil health and biodiversity. Similarly, research from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) showcases how climate-smart agriculture (CSA) can significantly boost productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. Implementing CSA techniques, such as intercropping and precision agriculture, allows farmers to adapt to changing climate conditions effectively. Furthermore, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) reports that investing in agricultural research can yield significant returns, with every dollar spent on agricultural innovation potentially generating tenfold returns in economic benefits.

Looking Ahead to COP29: Bangladesh's Role on the Global Stage: COP29 which will take place in Baku, Azerbaijan from 11 to 22 November, 2024 provides Bangladesh with a significant platform to showcase its scientific advancements in climate resilience and agricultural innovation. The summit's focus on the "Global Stocktake" of the Paris Agreement presents an opportunity to highlight successful case studies in adaptation and secure support for climate-vulnerable nations. Key priorities for Bangladesh will likely include securing climate finance, advocating for technology transfers, and fostering global cooperation on adaptation and mitigation efforts.

Investing in renewable energy is crucial for reducing fossil fuel dependency, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and creating green jobs. Expanding sources such as solar and wind, along with government incentives for private sector investments, will promote the adoption of low-carbon technologies. Enhancing climate-smart agriculture is equally vital, with research-focused efforts on implementing practices such as precision agriculture, integrated pest management, and agroecological methods to increase productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. Strengthening coastal defenses is essential for protecting vulnerable regions from sea-level rise; investments in integrated coastal zone management, including mangrove restoration and sustainable land-use planning, align with the Delta Plan and NAP goals.

Bangladeshi agriculturists can leverage their participation at COP29 to present innovative and scientifically backed farming methods. Highlighting adaptive techniques such as saline-resistant crops, intercropping systems, and efficient irrigation practices can demonstrate resilience in the face of climate variability. Moreover, prioritizing agricultural research and development will sustain food security amid climate challenges. Increased funding for research into resilient crop varieties, soil health, and sustainable practices will equip farmers with essential tools to navigate future uncertainties effectively.

Supporting community-driven adaptation initiatives emphasizes the significance of local knowledge in climate resilience. By backing grassroots projects that incorporate indigenous practices and local agricultural biodiversity, stakeholders can foster adaptive strategies tailored to specific regional challenges. Furthermore, facilitating global knowledge exchange through collaboration with international experts enhances Bangladesh's approach to climate-smart agriculture, providing opportunities to learn from global best practices and share its experiences.

Bangladesh's strategic initiatives, from the NAP to the Delta Plan and Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan, lay a robust foundation for a sustainable future. These plans exemplify the nation's proactive response to climate risks, offering a model for other vulnerable countries. As COP29 approaches, Bangladesh is poised to advocate for the needs of climate-vulnerable communities worldwide, urging international support for coordinated climate action. The path to a resilient future requires unified action from policymakers, citizens, and international allies, and Bangladesh is committed to leading the way through evidence-based solutions and collaborative efforts.

The writer is a Technical Specialist & Research Adviser, Krishi Gobeshona Foundation



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