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Price hike of daily essentials puts many at risk of malnutrition

Published : Tuesday, 22 October, 2024 at 12:00 AM  Count : 545
Dr Matiur Rahman
In recent years, Bangladesh has grappled with a pressing issue- a sharp rise in the prices of daily essentials. This alarming trend has created an urgent situation for millions of its citizens. The soaring costs of essential food items, fuel, and other necessary goods have significantly strained household budgets, particularly among low- and middle-income families. This economic pressure has also heightened the risk of malnutrition, threatening the health and well-being of many, especially people with low incomes.

The causes of rising prices in Bangladesh are complex and multifaceted. Understanding these factors is crucial for devising practical solutions. Global economic challenges, including inflationary pressures exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, have resulted in higher prices for imported goods. 

Bangladesh, heavily reliant on imports for essentials like cooking oil, wheat, and fuel, has faced a direct and significant impact. These global factors, combined with local issues such as poor agricultural yields, natural disasters, and inefficiencies in domestic supply chains, have further aggravated the situation. As a result, the cost of everyday essentials has continued to climb, making it increasingly difficult for many households to secure enough food for their families.

For many families, particularly those living near or below the poverty line, food expenses represent a significant portion of their monthly income. As prices for staples like rice, lentils, and vegetables continue to rise, families are forced to make tough decisions about their spending. Often, this means cutting back on the quality and quantity of food consumed. 

Even minor price increases can tip the balance for these households, pushing them into a situation where they cannot afford adequate nutrition. This situation is particularly dire for vulnerable groups, including children, pregnant women, and the elderly, who are at a heightened risk of malnutrition in this context. Their plight underscores the urgency of addressing this issue.

Malnutrition remains a pressing public health issue in Bangladesh, and the current economic crisis only worsens the situation. A diet lacking essential nutrients, such as undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, can lead to malnutrition. 

Undernutrition, resulting from insufficient caloric or protein intake, is a leading cause of stunted growth in children. Stunting, which affects a considerable percentage of Bangladeshi children, has long-term consequences, including cognitive impairment, reduced productivity, and an increased vulnerability to illnesses.

Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread, with many lacking vital vitamins and minerals like iron, vitamin A, and iodine. These deficiencies can lead to health problems such as anaemia, weakened immune systems, and poor pregnancy outcomes. 

Pregnant women who suffer from malnutrition face a higher risk of complications during childbirth, and their infants are more likely to be born with low birth weights. This, in turn, increases the likelihood of infant mortality and perpetuates a cycle of poor health and poverty.

At the same time, rising food prices are contributing to another less obvious problem: overnutrition. As the prices of nutritious foods such as fresh vegetables, fruits, and protein sources increase, many families are turning to cheaper, less healthy alternatives. 

Processed foods, often high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats, are more affordable and accessible than fresh, nutritious options. This shift in diet has led to a rise in obesity and related health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease. Bangladesh is now facing the dual challenge of undernutrition and overnutrition, known as the "double burden of malnutrition."

The consequences of malnutrition extend beyond individual health, affecting the country's overall economic and social development. Malnutrition impairs cognitive and physical development in children, leading to poorer educational outcomes and reduced future financial opportunities. 


Schools, healthcare providers, and community organisations should be actively involved in these efforts, helping to spread awareness about the dangers of malnutrition and the importance of balanced diets.

Ultimately, tackling the root causes of rising prices and food insecurity is essential for long-term stability. While external factors such as global inflation and supply chain disruptions are difficult to control, the Bangladeshi government can implement effective policies to mitigate their impact. Ensuring economic stability, promoting equitable growth, and controlling inflation will help protect society's most vulnerable members from the worst effects of future crises.

As Bangladesh grapples with the rising prices of daily essentials, the risk of malnutrition looms large, particularly for low-income families. The dual challenges of undernutrition and overnutrition threaten the health and productivity of the nation's population, with serious long-term consequences. 

By taking proactive steps to address food insecurity, promote nutrition, and strengthen social protection programs, Bangladesh can safeguard its people and ensure a healthier, more prosperous future.

The writer is a researcher and development worker



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