Dhaka, the bustling capital of Bangladesh, thrums with the energy of relentless progress. Its skyline, a testament to rapid urbanisation, signifies a booming economy and burgeoning opportunities. However, amidst the towering structures and choked thoroughfares lurks a growing concern - the diminishing presence of urban green spaces and its potential impact on the mental well-being of Dhakas residents.
Dhakas urbanisation story is a classic case of the double-edged sword. While it has spurred economic growth and created opportunities, it has also come at the expense of its natural environment. Studies by the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) reveal a significant decline in Dhakas green cover over the past few decades.
Towering structures have replaced lush farmlands that once fringed the city, public parks have shrunk due to encroachment, and green spaces have become a luxury rather than a right. This loss of nature in the urban environment has far-reaching consequences, impacting not just the physical health but also the mental well-being of Dhakas residents.
Numerous scientific studies have established a strong correlation between access to green spaces and improved mental health. Immersing oneself in nature, even for short periods, is remarkably effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and symptoms of depression. Spending time outdoors triggers the release of endorphins, natural mood elevators that combat feelings of negativity and promote a sense of well-being.
Green spaces provide opportunities for physical activity, further contributing to mental health benefits. Studies conducted in various countries, including exposure to forests in Japan (Shinrin-yoku) and nature walks in the United Kingdom, have documented the restorative power of nature. Exposure to natures sights, sounds, and smells fosters feelings of calmness, restoration, and a sense of connection to something larger than oneself, offering a much-needed respite from the frenetic pace of urban life.
The absence of green spaces in Dhaka coincides with a growing concern about mental health issues in the city. The frenetic pace of urban life, coupled with social pressures and economic anxieties, takes a toll on the mental well-being of Dhakas residents. A 2020 study by the National Institute of Mental Health in Bangladesh indicated a rise in depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse in the city.
The lack of readily accessible green spaces exacerbates these concerns, leaving residents with few outlets to de-stress and reconnect with natures calming influence. This situation creates a vicious cycle where the factors driving the citys economic growth - urbanisation and densification - contribute to a decline in mental well-being.
Rejuvenating existing parks and green spaces within the city is crucial. This could involve citizen-led clean-up drives, promoting community gardening projects in collaboration with local NGOs, and advocating for stricter policies to prevent encroachment on green areas. Engaging residents in revitalising these spaces fosters a sense of ownership and encourages their continued use.
Using rooftops and vertical spaces to create urban gardens can significantly increase green cover without sacrificing precious land. Even in pockets scattered throughout the city, these green havens can offer residents a much-needed respite amidst the urban sprawl. Technological advancements in vertical farming techniques can further enhance the feasibility and productivity of these green spaces. Additionally, government incentives for building owners to incorporate green roofs and vertical gardens can accelerate their adoption.
Transforming vacant plots, traffic medians, and even abandoned buildings into mini-parks or green corridors can create a network of green spaces throughout the city. This strategy would increase green cover and enhance the aesthetics and walkability of Dhakas neighbourhoods. Carefully planned green corridors connecting existing parks and green spaces can encourage residents to walk or cycle, promoting physical and mental well-being.Integrating green spaces into infrastructure projects such as flyovers and highways can improve aesthetics and create pockets of nature within the urban landscape.
Public awareness campaigns and educational programs about the importance of green spaces for mental well-being are crucial. Engaging schools and community centres in tree plantation drives and organising workshops on creating rooftop gardens can foster a sense of ownership and responsibility towards a greener Dhaka. Educating the public about the mental health benefits of spending time in nature can further incentivise using urban green spaces.
Government and private sector collaboration can accelerate creating and maintaining urban green spaces. Real estate developers can be incentivised to incorporate green spaces within their projects, while corporations can sponsor the creation and maintenance of public parks or green corridors. This collaborative approach leverages resources and expertise to maximise the impact of greening initiatives.
Creating a Dhaka where residents can readily access green spaces requires collective effort. The government must proactively formulate and implement policies that incentivise creating and preserving urban green spaces. Residents can take charge by participating in greening initiatives, advocating for the protection of existing parks, and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility within their communities.
A city adorned with verdant spaces is not just aesthetically pleasing; its a city that nurtures the well-being of its residents. By prioritising the creation of accessible green spaces, Dhaka can transform into a town where the restorative power of nature mitigates the pressures of urban life. This shift will enhance Dhakas residents quality of life and contribute to a more sustainable and resilient future for the city.
Addressing the shrinking green cover in Dhaka is not just an environmental concern; its a public health imperative. By recognising the critical link between green spaces and mental well-being and implementing the above initiatives, Dhaka can embark on a journey towards a greener and healthier future.
As the city transforms into a verdant tapestry, its residents will benefit from cleaner air and reduced noise pollution but also experience a significant improvement in their mental well-being. Let Dhaka serve as a model for other rapidly urbanising cities, demonstrating that economic progress and environmental responsibility can co-exist, fostering a thriving metropolis and a city where its residents can flourish.
The writer is a researcher and development worker
